A new era of linear motor development has arrived to promote the field of machine tool processing

With the rapid development of electronic technology, the application of linear motors in the field of machine tools ushered in its climax. From the 1996 Chicago Machine Tool Show IMTS`96, the 18th International Machine Tool Exhibition in Japan, to the 1999 Paris International EMO Expo and a series of international influential exhibitions, this indicates that a new era of linear motor development has been arrival.

The high-speed and ultra-high-speed machining that has been developed in order to increase production efficiency and improve the quality of parts has now become a major trend in machine tool development. A responsive, high-speed, light-weight drive system, the speed should be increased to 40-50m/min above, acceleration and deceleration is also required to increase to 25-50m/s2, the traditional "rotary motor + roller screw" transmission form is obviously not This is determined by its own weaknesses, because the presence of the intermediate transmission link first reduces the stiffness, and the elastic deformation can increase the order of the system, thereby reducing the robustness of the system and degrading the servo performance. Elastic deformation is the root cause of mechanical resonance in CNC machine tools. Secondly, the presence of intermediate transmission links increases the inertia of the moving body, which makes the displacement and velocity response slow. In addition, such factors as the clearance dead zone, friction, and error accumulation make the highest feed rate that can be achieved in this conventional way to be 30 m/min, and the acceleration is only 3 m/s2.

The advantages of linear motor direct drive can precisely compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional transmission mode, the speed is 30 times the roller screw pair; acceleration is 10 times the roller screw pair, up to 10g, the rigidity is improved 7 times; In addition, the linear motor directly drives the worktable, so there is no dead zone in the reverse direction; due to the small inertia of the armature, the linear servo system formed by it can achieve a high frequency response (eg 100Hz).

Through the above comparison, the application of the linear motor has a wide range of prospects in high-speed and ultra-high-speed precision machining. At present, the main requirements of the machine to meet the requirements of large thrust feed components are AC linear motors. From the excitation methods, it can be divided into permanent magnet (synchronous) and induction (asynchronous). The permanent magnet-type secondary (stator) is a permanent magnet. When used on a machine tool, permanent magnets must be laid on the bed of the machine tool, and three-phase energized windings must be mounted on the lower part of the table to form the primary part of the linear motor. ). The inductive primary is the same as the permanent magnet, but its secondary is to replace the magnet with a grid, which is equivalent to deploying the "squirrel cage" of the inductive rotating motor along its circumference.

The permanent magnet type linear motor is superior to the inductive type in the unit area of ​​thrust, power factor, controllability, etc., but the price is relatively expensive, and installation, debugging, dust prevention, etc. are all inferior to the induction type.

Inductive linear motors are close to the level of permanent magnet motors in performance and, together with their own advantages, are becoming more and more popular.

In the field of high-speed and ultra-high-speed machining, linear motors are widely used in high-speed milling machines, crankshaft lathes, superfinishing lathes, grinding machines, laser lathes, etc. Now, the more popular research is to apply it to high-speed parallel mechanisms, that is, six. Axis and triaxial parallel machine tools control the tool through the expansion and contraction of multiple sliding plungers to achieve high-speed machining of complex surfaces.

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