Generally speaking, the work of architectural acoustics design mainly includes noise control and sound quality design. According to the use function, grade and investment scale of the building, the reference to international or national codes to determine the indoor noise standard of the building is the primary content of the noise control design. Usually halls such as concert halls and theaters require very low indoor background noise. Therefore, the location of these halls is very important, and they should be as far away from outdoor noise and vibration sources as possible. In addition, the site environmental noise and vibration survey, measurement and simulation prediction are also required to provide a basis for the sound insulation design of the building envelope structure to ensure that the hall can reach the predetermined indoor noise standard after completion. The sound insulation design of the envelope structure is divided into two parts: air sound insulation design and solid sound insulation design, which include the calculation of sound insulation amount, the selection of sound insulation materials and the design of sound insulation structure. In addition to theoretical calculations, laboratory or on-site measurements of sound insulation components are often required to determine the amount of sound insulation in each frequency band. Another important content of noise control is to control the noise vibration source inside the hall building. These noise and vibration sources include air conditioning equipment, water supply and drainage equipment, transformers, certain lighting equipment, stage mechanical equipment, and noise and vibration from adjacent rooms through air and solid sound transmission, etc., will cause interference to the quietness of the auditorium . Therefore, in the architectural design stage, the acoustic consultant must intervene in order to examine whether the flat and section layout of the various rooms inside the building is reasonable, and try to minimize possible noise and vibration interference during the architectural design stage. In addition, another important task of architectural acoustic design is to design indoor sound quality. Sound quality design usually includes the following content: 1. Determine the size and volume of the hall. In order to see clearly and hear clearly, various halls have a length limit. The width of the hall will involve the organization of early side-reflected sound, which is importantly related to the spatial sense of sound quality. The height of the hall not only affects the organization of the early reflections in the vertical direction, but also affects the ratio and direction of the sound energy ratio and reverberation sound energy in the early and late periods. The volume of the hall and each volume directly affect the sound quality parameters such as reverberation time. The size of the hall is also related to whether there are sound quality defects such as echo, trembling echo, acoustic focusing, and sound shadow area. All of these must provide professional advice on architectural acoustics during the preliminary scheme design stage. Second, determine the sound quality design indicators and their preferred values. It is an important task of sound quality design to select sound quality evaluation indexes such as reverberation time, clarity, intensity index, lateral energy factor, and binaural correlation coefficient according to the function of the hall, and to determine the optimal value of each index. The selection of these indicators and their preferred values ​​will provide targets and basis for further calculation of sound quality parameters and sound quality testing after future completion. 3. Acoustic design of the interfaces of the music pool, music platform, box, building and hall. The shape, area, inclination, etc. of the plane of the hall and the interfaces, as well as the music pool, stand, box, building, music cover, and reflection plate all affect the structure of the acoustic impulse response, which has an important impact on the sound quality of the hall. Therefore, whether or not to set up a building and a box, how many floors and a box are set, how much the depth and opening of the building and the box are appropriate, what is the appropriate area and inclination of the fence, etc., all belong to the category of architectural acoustic design , All need to be determined by the architect and the acoustic consultant. The shape and opening size of the music pool also directly affect the sound energy transmission of the band and the mutual listening of the band and the actors. In addition, whether or not to install a music cover or reflection board, and what form of music cover and reflection board, etc., also need to provide advice from the perspective of architectural acoustics and give a design plan. 4. Calculate the sound quality parameters of the hall. After the design plan of the hall's flat, section and pedestal, box, music pool, music stand, etc., the sound quality parameters of the hall can be calculated. Through the calculation of sound quality parameters, provide design feedback information to make necessary modifications and adjustments to the design plan. This process sometimes needs to be repeated many times in order to achieve perfection. In this process, it is necessary to supplement the technical methods such as flat section sound ray analysis, three-dimensional sound field computer simulation and even scale model test to make a more accurate prediction. 5. Design the acoustic structure. In addition to the aforementioned architectural factors, the sound quality of the hall is also closely related to the interior decoration materials and construction. Therefore, the acoustic consultant also needs to work closely with the decoration designer to complete the interior decoration design. Acoustic decoration structure design usually includes the selection of each interface material and the drawing of the structural design. It is necessary to specify the technical parameters such as the surface density, apparent density, thickness, perforation rate, aperture, hole distance, air layer thickness behind the keel, and other technical parameters. . 6. Computer simulation of sound field. The careful sound field analysis and sound quality parameter calculation of the hall building depend on the three-dimensional computer simulation of the sound field. In this sense, the computer-aided simulation is indispensable for the successful sound design of modern halls. 7. Scale model test. For important halls, in addition to computer simulation, it is usually necessary to establish a hall model with a certain scale ratio and conduct acoustic experiments on the scale model. The scale model test is superior to computer simulation in that it is the only one that can simulate the effect of room acoustic waves, while the former can only provide more accurate simulation results in the range of geometric acoustics in the middle and high frequency bands. In addition, computer simulation is essentially inputting the acoustic principles known by acousticists into the computer, and the scale model can objectively show the actual acoustic physical phenomena occurring in the hall. At present, the Architectural Acoustics Laboratory of South China University of Technology is responsible for the 1:20 acoustic scale model test of the Guangzhou Opera House under construction to ensure a high level of sound quality after the completion of the theater. 8. Audible subjective evaluation. For important halls, subjective computer sound evaluation can also be carried out by applying advanced audible technology based on computer simulation and scale model test when necessary. The audible technology is to obtain the binaural impulse response through simulation calculation, or through model test measurement, convolve it with the music or language "dry signal" recorded in the anechoic room, and output the sound signal that has been added to the influence of the hall for The subjects listened to the sound quality of the completed hall in advance. This is a high-tech in the field of architectural acoustics developed in recent years. Nine, architectural acoustics measurement. Architectural acoustics measurement includes noise and vibration measurement, sound insulation measurement of enclosure structure, measurement of sound absorption of important materials and structures, and measurement of hall sound quality parameters. In addition to measuring the sound quality parameters of the hall after the completion of the project to verify whether the acoustic design meets the standard, sometimes it needs to be completed when the main body of the hall is completed and enters the interior decoration stage to provide science for the necessary design modification and adjustment in the final stage of construction data. 10. Provide advice on electro-acoustic system design. For halls that need to install electroacoustic systems, architectural acoustics experts still need to cooperate with sound engineers to provide advice on device selection, design and installation of electroacoustic systems. 11. Subjective evaluation of the organization. For important halls, after the completion of the project, the organization of special performances and subjective evaluations to test the sound quality of the halls after the completion of the building is the last important part of architectural acoustics design. In order to do a good job of subjective evaluation, we must carefully select programs, actors, bands, and personnel participating in the subjective evaluation, in order to obtain a more objective and satisfactory subjective evaluation result, and make an assessment of the hall sound quality.
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