Power amplifier tube true and false identification

The power amplifier tube is a key device in the audio power amplifier, and now compares the genuine product with the fake one.
1. Judging from the printed fonts: the authentic fonts are well-proportioned and beautiful, and the writings are not easy to be wiped off, while the fonts of the fakes are as written, and gently rubbing with your fingernails will make the writings lighter in color or even invisible.
2. From the imprint of the package pressing: English letters and numbers are printed on the two sides near the solid screw hole near the upper part of the tube, and the words of packages from different manufacturers or countries are printed in the middle near the lower pin, such as SK (Sanken) , PHILIPPINES (Philippines), Mallaysia (Malaysia), etc. The fakes are not printed, or the two points on the top are bloated and ugly, and the bottom point is not printed because of the word position. Of course, there are also some joint ventures that have no printing here, but other aspects are not significantly different from the original.
3. From the point of view of the packaging and processing technology of the power amplifier tube: the boundary between the heat sink and the plastic of the genuine product is clear, the edges are flat, and the boundary of the fake is not clear and even has gaps (the market is the easiest The fakes I saw were the small Toshiba tubes A1491 / C5198 and D817 / D1047), but the surface was rough like brushed (this is the place where the fakes are most exposed). Some models of imported tubes have a finned surface on the surface of the fins (such as MJOL1302A / MJL32281A from Matalola), while fakes and individual joint ventures do not have this process.
4. Judging from the measurement results: when measuring the forward and reverse resistance between the c and e poles of the tube with a pointer multimeter R × 10k, the genuine pointer is fixed at ∞ or the swing angle is very small, while the fake c , E-pole forward resistance (NPN forward is Rce, PNP forward is Rec), the swing angle is much larger, that is, the resistance value is smaller (this indicates that the penetration current of the tube is larger); and the tube is measured with a digital multimeter When the magnification is β, the consistency of genuine products (especially imported tubes) is very good, while the consistency of fake products is generally poor.
5. The performance of the fake installation machine: because the pressure resistance of the tube is generally low, it is easy to cause the tube to burn out at startup; or the heat is more serious than the original product, and the resistance of the c and e poles of the tube is much smaller than that when it is not installed , And the deviation of β is greater, the genuine product has no such phenomenon.
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