Elevator common fault handling - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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Elevator failure refers to the phenomenon that the elevator does not work normally or seriously affects the ride comfort or even causes personal injury or equipment accident due to abnormalities in the components of the elevator mechanical parts or electrical control system.

First, the failure of the mechanical system

(1) The common fault phenomena and causes of mechanical systems are as follows:

1. Due to poor lubrication or failure of the lubrication system, the rotating parts of the parts are seriously heated and worn or hung, causing damage to parts of the rolling or sliding parts.

2. Due to the frequent use of elevators, some parts are worn and aged, the maintenance is not in place, and the worn parts are not replaced or repaired in time, causing further damage and forcing the elevator to stop.

3. Some fastening screws are loose or loose due to vibration during the operation of the elevator, so that some components, especially moving parts, work abnormally, causing damage to the elevator.

4, due to the imbalance of the elevator balance coefficient, or the serious overload caused by the car's large jitter or flat layer accuracy is poor, the elevator speed is out of control, even the top or bottom, causing the speed limiter - safety clamp linkage, the elevator stops.

(2) When the elevator mechanical system fails, the maintenance worker should know the situation and phenomenon when the fault occurs to the elevator driver, administrator or passenger. If the elevator is still operational, the driver/administrator can use the jog mode to move the elevator up and down, and the maintenance worker analyzes and judges the fault point by means of ear listening, hand touch, and measurement.

(3) After the fault occurrence point is determined, carefully disassemble, clean, inspect and measure according to the requirements of relevant technical specifications, determine the cause of the fault through inspection, and repair or replace according to the wear and damage degree of the machine.

(4) After the elevator parts have been repaired or replaced, they must be carefully inspected and debugged before being put into operation before they can be delivered for use.

Second, the failure and repair of the electrical control system

(1) Common faults in electrical control systems

1. From the scope of the electrical failure of the elevator, the most common is the failure of the door system and the poor contact of the electrical components. The reasons for the many failures of the door machine system and electrical components are mainly the quality of components, the quality of installation and commissioning, and the quality of maintenance.

2, from the nature of electrical faults, mainly short-circuit and open circuit two categories. The short circuit is for some reason, the resistance in the line is small after the circuit that is not to be connected is connected or connected. Common short-circuit faults in elevators are caused by mechanical and electronic interlocking of directional contactors or relays, which may cause short-circuiting of contactors or relays; when the main contacts of contactors are turned on or off, the resulting arc causes surrounding dielectric appliances The medium of the component is broken down and short-circuited; the insulating material of the electrical component is aging, failure, and short-circuit caused by moisture; the dielectric breakdown of the electrical component due to external factors and the invasion of the external material cause a short circuit. The disconnection is due to some reason, causing the loop that should be connected to be unreachable. The causes of the open circuit are mainly the looseness of the lead-in wire of the electrical component; the solder joint or the contact failure as the connection point in the circuit; the contact of the relay or the contactor is burned by the arc; the surface of the contact is covered by the oxide layer; the reed of the contact is turned on or The arc generated when disconnected is heated, and the elastic force is lost after cooling, which causes the contact pressure of the contact to be insufficient; when the relay or contactor is closed or disconnected, the contact of the contact is poor due to the jitter.

(II) Judgment and elimination of faults in the electrical control system The basis for the fault of the electrical control system is the elevator control principle. Therefore, to quickly eliminate the fault, you must master the circuit schematic diagram of the regional control system, and figure out the working principle of the elevator from orientation, start, acceleration, full speed operation, station forecast, speed change, leveling, switch door and other aspects. The mutual control relationship between each electrical component, the function of each electrical component, the relay/contactor and its contacts, and the like. Before judging the elevator electrical control failure, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the fault phenomenon, in order to quickly and accurately analyze the cause of the fault and find the fault point according to the fault phenomenon of the circuit diagram.

Third, elevator failure and general troubleshooting methods

Trouble phenomenon troubleshooting reasons
1. The local loop fuse is often blown. 1. The component or wire touches the ground and detects the location.
2. A relay insulation pad breaks through the insulation insulation or replaces the relay
3, the fuse capacity is too small, dark rated current selects the appropriate fuse
2, the main circuit fuse is often blown (or the main circuit switch is often turned off) 1 ~ 3 with the same 1 ~ 3 ibid
4. Start and brake time are set too long or too short. According to the elevator technical specification, adjust the start and brake time.