Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with computer systems. Some speakers are designed to work
specifically with computers, while others can be hooked up to any type
of sound system. Regardless of their design, the purpose of speakers is
to produce audio output that can be heard by the listener.
Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves into sound waves. The speakers receive audio input from a device such as a computer or an audio receiver. This input may be either in analog or digital form. Analog speakers simply amplify the analog electromagnetic waves
into sound waves. Since sound waves are produced in analog form,
digital speakers must first convert the digital input to an analog
signal, then generate the sound waves.
The sound produced by speakers is defined by frequency and amplitude.
The frequency determines how high or low the pitch of the sound is. For
example, a soprano singer's voice produces high frequency sound waves,
while a bass guitar or kick drum generates sounds in the low frequency
range. A speaker system's ability to accurately reproduce sound
frequencies is a good indicator of how clear the audio will be. Many
speakers include multiple speaker cones for different frequency ranges,
which helps produce more accurate sounds for each range. Two-way
speakers typically have a tweeter and a mid-range speaker, while
three-way speakers have a tweeter, mid-range speaker, and subwoofer.
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At present, the influence of e-commerce has surpassed the scope of industry and economy alone, and initially formed an e-commerce industry chain in which e-commerce providers and e-commerce service providers cooperate and grow. However, the existing simple chain model is far from meeting the footsteps of China's e-commerce. Therefore, a new, more open and collaborative e-commerce ecosystem is just beginning to emerge.
It is reported that Ma Yun, chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba Group, author of "The World Is Flat," Thomas Friedman, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Terayjasiya, Executive Vice President of the National Geographic Society, and the former U.S. Department of Commerce Minister Franklin Raven will present at the Internet Commerce Conference to deliver keynote speeches and discussions.
At the same time, the list of the top ten Internet companies that have attracted attention will also be announced at the conference.
Internet Business for Nine Years: From Edge of Grassroots to Leading Social Trend
Since the concept of "net merchant" first appeared in 2004, with the deep integration of the Internet and traditional economy, the network business community has developed rapidly. Over the past few years, network operators have gone through the “emerging (2004)â€, “survival and foothold (2005-2006)â€, “stepping into the rise (2007)â€, “going to an ecological (2008)â€, “going to socialization (2009) )" "Individualization of fission," "Crossing the critical point," and several other development stages, until this year's theme of "the trend of e-commerce network providers."
Starting from the first global conference of network operators in 2004, each year's theme of each session also witnessed the historical development of this group of network operators, as well as the e-commerce services that are behind the scenes and silently accompany the growth of network operators. Business.
In the first session of the “Internet Business Conference†in 2004, the concept of network operators was formally proposed. At that time, network operators had just emerged: netizens and netizens transformed themselves into network operators, and individuals and traditional businessmen turned into network operators. Traditional merchants can be well transformed into network operators through a mature e-commerce platform such as Alibaba. Alibaba solved the problem of online credit better, created a market full of business opportunities and a very dynamic business ecosystem. With C2C as the industry's Taobao, some Amoy friends began to change from ordinary consumers to Taobao sellers, and products emerged from second-hand transactions to various types of new products. Network groups began to sprout.
From 2004 to 2007, network operators are still in the initial stage of development, that is, from the marginalization to the mainstream. From 2007 to 2010, network operators began to become more and more mainstream. After four steps of rising-ecological-socialization-ecological fission, online merchants have become mainstream social phenomena in 2010, especially among entrepreneurs and e-commerce companies. The formation of the growth of the network business class has enabled network operators to take an active role in promoting the ecology, and the formation of the ecology has in turn promoted the development of the network operators.
In the course of this development, the definition of network operators has also been expanded and enriched. In 2008, the new definition of an internet merchant refers to individuals who continue to use e-commerce methods to conduct business activities, including business leaders, businessmen, self-employed individuals, and business operators. Classified by business model, network operators are mainly composed of the following 7 categories: B2B foreign trade network providers, B2B domestic trade network providers, B2C enterprise retail network providers, C2C personal retail network providers, Internet payment network providers, small and medium webmaster network operators, and life services. Network operators.
An important factor newly defined by network operators is the expansion of network operators and the formation of online enterprises. The number of e-commerce practitioners has increased substantially: including a large number of network enterprise practitioners, entrepreneurs trained by network operators, and traditional enterprises are heavily involved in e-commerce. Employers, the rapidly evolving e-commerce service industry employees, including farmers, also join the network of business operators to form a powerful network of business operators.
It is through the accumulation of development from 6 years to 7 years from 2004 to 2010 that the ecology of the network of business class and network operators has accumulated the energy and foundation for the outbreak. In the next few years, the network operators have driven the ecological and ecological promotion network operators. The virtuous circle of development has crossed the critical point and accelerated development.
Network operators have formed a solid base for the network business class in 2011. The entire network of business operators and the pyramid structure of entrepreneurs and sellers of network operators form a close-knit network of business operators. This class is now integrating into the mainstream economy and changing the mainstream economic society. The composition of the hierarchy changes the entire social industrial structure from the bottom up.
At this year's conference, the first online seller map published by Peking University and Alibaba Research Center “Who is opening the shop†reported that more part-time sellers join the online sales force, accounting for nearly 70% of the overall online store, white-collar workers, School students, unemployed youth, housewives, peasants and even retired seniors, agricultural products, handicrafts, local specialties, etc. are all on the net. Taobao has emerged a number of personalization, branding, online channels and stealth championships. In the process of the development of network operators, the “small is beautiful†feature has emerged. At the same time, the ecology of the network operators has become more diversified, including regional and rural areas. , online and offline integration, as well as the rapid rise of e-commerce service industry.
Nine Network Operators: From Manufacturing to Zhi Zhi
Celebrity Square is a Taobao women's shop that specializes in South Korea's sweet and elegant style. Its age is 25-35 years old and it favors Petty Women. Like many self-made Taobao women's clothing stores, the celebrity shop started as a personal store. After undergoing development stages such as agency and getting goods from the market, in the second half of 2009, the store's development encountered bottlenecks, and its performance declined. This allows the Celebrity Square to realize that creating a brand with segmentation and teamwork is the fundamental way to solve this bottleneck.
In the 10 years, the Celebrity Square team began to expand, focusing on the establishment of the operation team. By the end of the year, the team was completed and the staff reached 20 people. In March 2011, the store registered the brand of Celebrity Square, and began to form a product team to complete its own development. As of April 2012, the product development team has more than 30 people, and the company's center has also moved to the product development section.
This transformation and upgrading can be described as immediate results. In 2011, the annual sales of Celebrity Square were three times as many as in the previous year. The person in charge of the shop at Celebrity Square told reporters that “at the moment, all of our fabrics come from the Korean market, and the controls on the fabrics are very strict, and the surface materials have gone through foreign and domestic quality inspections. At the same time, the store’s emphasis on product development has been completed. % product design development."
Such as celebrity Square Taobao women's shop more and more, and now, Taobao women's top10 almost all are occupied by the original brand, the original power is to occupy the entire Taobao Women's 40% strong.
In the course of nine years of development, online merchants have gradually moved from offline products to online sales in the past to more abundant, diversified, original and other business forms with higher intellectual and technological content.
At the same time, online goods brands have also emerged. With the help of Taobao.com and the Tmall platform, the growing time of personalized online goods brands such as Ants, Green Boxes, Seven Grids, and Wheat Bags has been shortened from a hundred years to just three years.
With the development and expansion of network operators and network business strata, and the growth and growth of online enterprises, the influence of network operators on the ecology has increased. The participation of net traders in the whole industry chain and the integration with the mainstream economy make the ecology of network operators increasingly diversified and robust. Typical areas such as Qingchuan, Yiwu Qingyan Liucun, Suichang and Shaji rural e-commerce regional ecology; The e-commerce service industry was spawned to form a more robust ecosystem of network operators+platform+e-commerce service providers. Network operators also spawned a consumer-driven new ecosystem of C2B, characterized by personalized customization and flexible production. New industry organization model. With the abundance of species, the development of the network business ecosystem is also striding across.
The nine-year development of network operators has completed a perfect upgrade from manufacturing to Zhizhi, and the old economic model has changed.
To build a new e-commerce ecosystem in the future
The 2011 e-commerce research report in China shows that network operators have already exceeded the critical point, and the e-commerce market is experiencing a leap from trillion-to-trillion-scale. The scale of e-commerce and online retail markets and online shopping consumers are all undergoing quantitative changes. To the stage of qualitative change.
At this time, the e-commerce service providers that have been accompanied by the growth of e-commerce companies for nine years have also embarked on the stage behind the scenes. These e-commerce service providers that are surrounded by the operators of e-commerce operators have begun to form an emerging large-scale group. They have different division of labor and serve Paul Vientiane. They can provide online store decoration, management software, product photography, and can also provide marketing promotion, customer service orders, store daily operations, logistics systems, data analysis, foreign trade and other outsourcing services. . As of February 2012, Taobao cumulatively had more than 59,000 service providers access Taobao open platform, which was 7.32 times the same period in 2011.
Last year's Tmall, Taobao double eleventh, double 12 big promotion, let the average consumer feel the importance of e-commerce service provider groups. Only one day of the Double 11 promotion, Taobao's entire network turnover was 5.2 billion yuan, and Tmall turnover was 3.36 billion yuan. This is nearly four times the total retail sales of 850 million in the same period in Hong Kong. Behind the data of this e-commerce business, is the support of many e-commerce service providers' basic services: The third-party payment dealt with 33.69 million transactions on the same day, an increase of nearly 170% compared with 2010. Alipay increased the server by 10%. In terms of express delivery, over 20 million parcels were sold on the same day, and express delivery companies mobilized about 40,000 couriers and more than 700 express vehicles. In the sorting center, more than 300 green channels were established, and a customer service team of more than 2,000 people was established. The third-party applications, Wangwang plug-in wizards, online customer service number 10284, an increase of 57%; access to 692 million people, is 6 times the daily.
The economist Wu Jinglian believes that if the service industry is the infrastructure of transactions, then the e-commerce service industry (especially the e-commerce transaction service industry) is not only an important emerging infrastructure, but also a "hub" in infrastructure. As the foundation of the information economy, the e-commerce service industry is becoming the world's leading strategic emerging industry, and China will have the largest and most advanced e-commerce service industry in the world.
"Only when e-commerce comes from online retailing to real-time collaboration in the supply chain, every link in the value chain is truly realized on the Internet. It is no longer a separate island separated by online and offline." Alibaba Group Chief of Staff Ming said that in the past nine years, the front desk network operators and the behind-the-scenes e-commerce have made Chinese e-commerce deeply integrated into the social and economic cells and changed traditional businesses. “Now, China’s e-commerce has reached a critical point and is moving toward a new milestone. Alibaba Group will work with e-commerce companies and e-commerce companies to jointly promote a more open, collaborative and prosperous e-commerce ecosystem. Network operators, e-commerce and consumption All will grow and live better in this ecosystem."
The 9th Global Internet Commerce Conference Opens 9 Years to Change Traditional Business
On September 8, 2012, the 9th Global Network Business Conference was opened in Hangzhou. The theme of this year's event is "The Trend of Internet Businessmen and the Way of E-Commerce". In reviewing the development history of net dealers in the past nine years and the changes in traditional businesses, the conference also began to consider building a more open, collaborative, and prosperous economy. E-commerce ecosystem.