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Injection molding machines (referred to as injection machines or injection molding machines) are the main molding equipment for making thermoplastic or thermosetting materials into plastic products of various shapes by using plastic molding molds.
Injection molding is achieved by injection molding machines and molds.
Second, the type of injection molding machine Types of injection molding machine: vertical, horizontal, all-electric, but regardless of the injection molding machine, its basic functions are two:
(1) heating the plastic to a molten state;
(2) Applying a high pressure to the molten plastic to eject it to fill the mold cavity.
Third, the structure and function of the injection molding machine:
Injection molding machines usually consist of an injection system, a clamping system, a hydraulic transmission system, an electrical control system, a lubrication system, a heating and cooling system, and a safety monitoring system.
(1) The role of the injection system of the injection molding system: The injection system is one of the most important components of the injection molding machine. Generally, there are three main forms of plunger type, screw type and screw pre-plastic plunger injection type. Currently the most widely used is the screw type. The function is that, in a cycle of the injection molding machine, a certain amount of plastic can be plasticized and plasticized in a predetermined time, and the molten plastic is injected into the mold cavity through the screw at a certain pressure and speed. After the injection is completed, the melt injected into the cavity is kept set.
Composition of the injection system: The injection system consists of a plasticizing device and a power transmission device.
The plasticizing device of the screw type injection molding machine is mainly composed of a feeding device, a barrel, a screw and a nozzle. The power transmission device includes an injection cylinder, an injection base moving cylinder, and a screw drive device (melt motor).
(2) The function of the clamping system clamping system: The function of the clamping system is to ensure that the mold is closed, opened and ejected. At the same time, after the mold is closed, the mold is given sufficient clamping force to resist the cavity pressure generated by the molten plastic entering the cavity, preventing the mold from being slit, resulting in a bad condition of the product.
The composition of the clamping system: the clamping system is mainly composed of a clamping device, a mold adjustment mechanism, an ejection mechanism, a front and rear fixed template, a moving template, a clamping cylinder and a safety protection mechanism.
(3) Hydraulic system The function of the hydraulic transmission system is to realize the injection molding machine to provide power according to various actions required by the process, and to meet the requirements of pressure, speed and temperature required for each part of the injection molding machine. It is mainly composed of hydraulic components and hydraulic auxiliary components. The oil pump and motor are the power source of the injection molding machine. Various valves control oil pressure and flow to meet the requirements of the injection molding process.
(4) Electrical control system The electrical control system and the hydraulic system are properly coordinated to achieve the process requirements (pressure, temperature, speed, time) of the injection machine and various program actions. Mainly composed of electrical appliances, electronic components, meters, heaters, sensors and so on. There are generally four control modes, manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and adjustment.
(5) Heating/Cooling System The heating system is used to heat the barrel and the injection nozzle. The barrel of the injection molding machine generally uses a heating coil as a heating device, is installed outside the barrel, and is detected by a thermocouple. Heat is provided by the heat conduction of the tube wall to provide heat source for plasticizing the material; the cooling system is mainly used to cool the oil temperature. If the oil temperature is too high, various faults will occur, so the oil temperature must be controlled. Another location that needs to be cooled is near the feed opening of the feed pipe to prevent the raw material from melting at the feed opening, resulting in the raw material not being properly cut.
(6) Lubrication system The lubrication system is a circuit that provides lubrication conditions for the moving parts of the injection molding machine, the mold adjustment device, the hinge of the connecting rod, etc., so as to reduce the energy consumption and improve the life of the parts. The lubrication can be a regular manual. Lubrication, or automatic electric lubrication;
(7) Safety protection and monitoring system The safety device of the injection molding machine is mainly used to protect people and machines. Mainly composed of safety door, hydraulic valve, limit switch, photoelectric detection components, etc., to achieve electrical-mechanical-hydraulic interlock protection.
The monitoring system mainly monitors the oil temperature, material temperature, system overload, and process and equipment failure of the injection molding machine, and indicates abnormal conditions for indication or alarm.
Injection molding machine basics
First, the definition of injection molding machine: