How Jobs Built Apple's "AR Empire"

ARKit leverages software and hardware to give Apple the greatest advantage.

Apple introduced the Augmented Reality (AR) platform last month, which may be the world's largest AR platform. As it turns out, on the AR platform, Apple may be the only company that can meet the performance and users. As Steve Jobs envisioned, it controls most of the related software and hardware.

Although Google has spent several years studying its own AR platform, Tango, and opened it to developers in 2014, Apple seems to be winning the opportunity to push AR into the mainstream.

Applications created by ARKit developers will immediately work on millions of iPhones worldwide, and do not require special 3D sensors, only iPhone cameras, built-in A9 or A10 chips.

The Tango AR can only be used on Lenovo's Phab 2 Pro and ASUS ZenFone AR. Tango may be more accurate in drawing objects and space because its host device needs to have an active 3D sensor to measure the exact location of the object. At the same time, the device must also have a battery with strong battery life to power the 3D laser.

When talking about the hardware requirements for the platform, IDC analyst Tom Mainelli said, "Google must realize that Tango has some 'excessive force.'"

On the other hand, since the iPhone does not require a special 3D sensor, the ARKit application can place digital objects in the air and on the horizontal plane. ARKit cannot yet attach content to real-world objects in the framework, nor can it interact with digital content with more complex surfaces.

Despite these limitations, AR rendering developed by ARKit remains surprising.

How ARKit works

In fact, the principle is not mysterious at all. ARKit's experience looks great because of the support of several key components of the phone, such as cameras, processors, and various inertial sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.). They are optimized so that when the user moves, the phone's position relative to the environment is more accurate. Apple can do this because all components are developed with Apple.

Apple's processing power is also very strong. The ARKit processor is based on the iPhone's A9 or A10 on-chip system (SOC). The dual-core application processor is compatible with the M9 motion processing chip (processing data from the motion sensor) and the image signal processing chip (processing camera's image data). Jay Wright, president of the PTC Vuforia AR platform, explained that the processing speed is very fast and does not consume much power or overheat the phone.

Apple said that millions of computer vision calculations have taken place in the iPhone's ARKit experience. However, "computer vision" software can only understand the approximate outline of an object in an AR setup. "This is because it cannot yet determine the exact contour of an accurate 3D position or object," explains Wright. "And these two requirements are necessary for a good AR experience."

Image signal processors (ISPs) now perform a number of computer vision processes to identify the images seen through the camera lens. It is said that Apple is developing a special AI processor, which may replace most of AR's image recognition tasks. There are also reports that Apple is developing its own graphics processing unit GPU, which is most commonly used for heavy computing and AI algorithms.

Android Red Sea

Apple is rarely controlled by the Android system, but Google is very limited. Google decides which parts to use in its Nexus and Pixel phones, but usually Android phone manufacturers like Samsung decide which chips, cameras and sensors to put on their phones.

Google may already be able to optimize the Tango experience for Lenovo and Asus phones because it works closely with OEMs to select and optimize components. However, under normal circumstances, Google cannot tell the mobile phone OEM which camera is most suitable for its AR platform because consumers use the camera mainly for taking pictures and taking videos. The mobile phone manufacturer naturally wants to install the best camera in the mobile phone. There will be differences.

So there are many Android devices with different internal devices, and the combination is endless. In addition, these phones also run different versions of Android.

Therefore, it is not very practical to design an AR platform that can have a fairly good AR experience on any mobile phone.

What Google can do

In order to stop Apple's wave, Google may start building an AR software platform "Tango Lite", which does not require the host device to have a special 3D sensor or processor. The platform will be used to calibrate the sensors, cameras and chips on the mainframe to achieve the best AR experience. Depending on the sensor and processing power, it may do better.

Unlike Vuforia and Wikitude, which have long provided AR developers with software development kits (SDKs), they can also cross Apple's "back garden," making VR more widely available for use.

Google can also buy. "On the one hand, they may soon be able to compete with ARKit rather than support or be directly integrated into the existing platform Android." Mainelli points to Vuforia and Wikitude, two potentially acquired development kits. .

Vuforia is currently the largest AR development platform (by number of applications), launched by Qualcomm, and later sold to PTC. The platform allows developers to create AR applications for iOS, Android, and Universal Windows Platform. Wikitude allows developers to create iOS, Android and JavaScript applications.

Vuforia has partnered with Google to make it compatible with Tango's platform, but Wright said he did not discuss with Google about the possibility of an acquisition. We don't know any of this news between Google and Wikitude, and we don't have to be overwhelmed by Google's efforts to expand AR's appeal.

It now appears that Apple's ARKit may eventually become the second largest inflection point for consumer-level augmented reality. The first one is Pokémon Go (project of Google startup company Niantic) that was fascinated last summer. If Apple manages to direct another wave of attention to AR, and AR becomes a bigger, more sustainable experience in smartphones, Google may find it increasingly difficult to follow Apple's path.

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